“so that”, “so…that” 和 “such…that” |
您所在的位置:网站首页 › 部分倒装 口诀 › “so that”, “so…that” 和 “such…that” |
“so that”, “so…that” 和 “such…that” 曾克辉(湖北·武汉) 在学习so that 和so…that从句时,有相当一部分人认为:so that 是用来构成目的状语从句的,而so…that则是用来构成结果状语从句的。其实,情况并不是这样。 一、 so that同样可以用来引导结果状语从句,无论是否有副词作状语或形容词作表语,这就要得从意义上和so that从句的结构上来考虑,表目的的so that状语从句中通常情况下都含有一个情态动词。试比较: He hurried to the station so thathe could catch the early bus. (表目的) = He got to the station hurriedly so that he could catch the early bus. 他匆匆忙忙赶到车站,为的是能搭上早班车。 He hurried to the station so thathe caught the early bus. (表结果) = He got to the station hurriedly so that he caught the early bus. = He got to the station so hurriedly that he caught the early bus. 他匆匆忙忙赶到车站,结果搭上了早班车。 ※ 但若副词或形容词是放在so …that之间,就算that从句中含有情态动词也只能表示结果。 The boy was so stupid that he couldn’t work out the maths problem. 这个男孩很笨,所以他解不出这道数学题。 注:①表目的的so that 从句可以用in order that 替换;若主句和从句的主语一致的时候还可以用so as to或in order to将其转换为简单句。如: I got up early so that I could be in time for the morning exercises. → I got up early in order that I could be in time for the morning exercises. → I got up early so as to / in order to be in time for the morning exercises. ② 有时为了加强语气,in order that 从句或in order to短语还可以放到句首,但so that 和so as to通常不位于句首。如: In order that I could be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early. In order to be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early. ③当so…that(或so that)结构的主句中有副词作状语或形容词作表语时,必须用so + adv. / adj. + as to才可以将其转换为简单句来表示结果,否则是表示目的。试比较: I spoke so loud as to be heard by everyone. (表结果) 我讲得声音很大,结果大家都听清楚了。 I spoke loud so as to be heard by everyone. (表目的) 我很大声地讲,是为了大家能都听清楚 ④在so + adv. / adj. + that所构成的结果状语从句中,人们常常把so + adv. / adj. 移到句首并将谓语动词倒装来表示强调。例如: So hard did the boy study that he passed the exam. So clever is the boy that he can answer the question. ⑤人们在口语中常省去so…that的that,也有人省去so而保留that。如: She was so excited (that)she could hardly fall asleep. She was (so) excited that she could hardly fall asleep. 在书写中省去that时,最好加上逗号,把句子的两个部分隔开。例如: She was so excited, she could hardly fall asleep. 二、 so…that和such…that都可以构成结果从句,所不同的是so…that之间接形容词或副词,而 such…that之间接名词。一般情况下,即使名词前有形容词修饰也不能换用so…that。例如: The boy is so clever that everyone likes him. The boy is such a fool that he can’t understand it. Titanic is such a moving film that all of us want to see it. The teacher gave the children such wonderful picture books that they got wild with joy. 注:①当such…that之间用“不定冠词 + 形容词 + 单数名词”时,可以用so…that替换,但得将不定冠词和形容词颠倒位置。例如: That was such an important party that I had to take part in it. → That was so important a party thatI had to take part in it. ②当such…that之间的可数名词前用many或few修饰,不可数名词前用much或little修饰时,只能用so…that构成结果从句。例如: I’ve got so few apples that I cannot divide them among the children. I have so much homework to do that I can’t go to the cinema with you. ③ 当little表示“小”而不是“少”的意思时,仍然用such…that. 试比较: They are such little children that they cannot do the work well. 这些孩子太小,他们做不好这项工作。 I have so little money that I can’t buy the computer. 我的钱太少买不起这部电脑。 三、 such…that万不可与such…as混用。such…that中的that是连词,用来引导状语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分;而such…as中的as是关系代词,用来引导定语从句并在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。试比较: Zhangjiajie is such a marvelous place that everyone wants to visit it. (that引导状语从句) 张家界是如此神奇的地方,人人都想去游玩。 Zhangjiajie is such a marvelous place as everyone wants to visit. (as引导定语从句并作宾语) 张家界是如此一个人人都想去游玩的神奇的地方。 |
CopyRight 2018-2019 办公设备维修网 版权所有 豫ICP备15022753号-3 |